• In addition to the role of TGR the

  2022-04-02

  

  In addition to the role of TGR5, the FXR-FGF15/19 axis has been implicated in other aspects of glucose metabolism and metabolic disorders. In humans, both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with lower plasma FGF19 levels [67,68]. A derivative of the naturally occurring FXR ag

• In conclusion we have designed and characterized a novel

  2022-04-01

  

  In conclusion, we have designed and characterized a novel series of EAAT-blockers, exemplified by (-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]--asparagine)—a potent, selective, competitive non-substrate inhibitor of EAAT-2. As one of the most potent and selective EAAT-2 inhibitors identified to date,

• br Sodium glucose co transporter inhibitors SGLT i

  2022-04-01

  

  Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are the latest class of non-insulin glucose-lowering agents that facilitate glycaemic control by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption, thus promoting glycosuria. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin are the three commonly used agents

• In the present study compared to diabetic

  2022-04-01

  

  In the present study, compared to diabetic control rats, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly decreased in both SE and METF treated diabetic animals, with the latter producing greater reduction in glucose-6-phosphatase activity. This observation is consistent with the claim of Ta

• br Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD

  2022-04-01

  

  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive obstruction of airflow, not fully reversible, which is accompanied by a chronic inflammatory response, induced by deleterious particles or gases, in airways and lung parenchyma. The most important risk factor for COPD is

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments

  2022-03-31

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Emeritus Professor Chikashi Shimoda and Professor Taro Nakamura of the National BioResource Project/Yeast Genetic Resource Center (NBRP/YGRC) at Osaka City University (Osaka, Japan) for Schizosaccharomyces pombe meiotic cDNA library, yeast plasmids, yeast

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgements This study was supported b

  2022-03-31

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgements This study was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2015M581817), the National Research Council of Science and Technology Support Program (2015BAD03B05-06), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

• In mammals meiotic maturation is the process that couples co

  2022-03-31

  

  In mammals, meiotic maturation is the process that couples completion of MI with the acquisition of developmental competence to support fertilization (Figure 1). In females there are several hallmark maturation events that are linked to the cell cycle. First, meiosis is not continuous, it is initiat

• Carbon monoxide another key product from the

  2022-03-31

  

  Carbon monoxide, another key product from the breakdown of heme by HO-1, also plays an important role in the vasculature. Like NO, CO is endogenously derived from the endothelium [68] and can weakly activate sGC by binding to its heme moiety [69]. CO was found to have vasodepressor activity in rats

• Recent evidence suggests that HCA can also mediate antineuro

  2022-03-31

  

  Recent evidence suggests that HCA2 can also mediate antineuroinflammatory effects [63]. Studies in this field were initiated when monomethyl fumarate, the metabolite of DMF, was shown to be an agonist of HCA2[5]. DMF at the same time was shown to not only have beneficial effects in the treatment of

• The Bcl and Bcl xL genes contain

  2022-03-31

  

  The Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL genes contain the CRE binding site in their promoter regions for CREB and CBP to bind to, so CREB phosphorylation was shown to up-regulate these anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL [[29], [30], [31]]. Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL prevent the activation of caspases and the release of mito

• To facilitate the development of

  2022-03-31

  

  To facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in NASH, a plethora of animal models have been used to identify molecular targets that are involved in the onset and progression of NASH. In view of recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of NASH and pr

• In contrast to short term effects long term exposure of

  2022-03-31

  

  In contrast to short-term effects, long-term exposure of beta cells to FFAs impairs insulin secretion and triggers apoptosis [13]. The deleterious effects of FFAs have been linked to altered glucose/fatty CK 666 oxidation cycle [13], decreased NADPH content [14], endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress [1

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Aminoacyl tRNA synthetas

  2022-03-31

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases catalyze the formation of an ester bond between an amino abt 737 and the 3′ end of a tRNA in a two-step reaction. First, the amino acid is activated and an enzyme-bound adenylate intermediate is formed. Then, the amino acid is transferr

• The primary requirements of an ideal bioprobe for glucose

  2022-03-31

  

  The primary requirements of an ideal bioprobe for glucose transporter-mediated bioimaging include high specificity, sensitivity as well as low cytotoxicity [18]. According to these concepts, we recently reported the simple amide linked glycoconjugates which containing cyanine fluorophores (Cy3 and C

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